Academic Entry Requirements
Normally 2:1 honours (or international equivalent); if no research-methods training, an MSc/MRes first is normally recommended; substantial employment/research experience may be considered; research proposal (1–2 pages) and supervisor discussion required; candidates register for MPhil then upgrade to PhD. October start strongly preferred; February start possible only with clear justification supported by proposed supervisors. Pakistan (official PG equivalences table, guide only, case-by-case): 4-year Bachelor GPA 3.2/4.0 = 2:1. No separate research-degree Pakistan table published — PG table applied; confirm with Admissions.